The following lecture was delivered by Peter Symonds, national WSWS editor for the Socialist Equality Party (Australia), at the SEP (US) 2025 International Summer School, held August 2-9, 2025. This ...

“In history,” the late historian Paul Johnson memorably observed, “there are no inevitabilities.” Johnson’s adage holds true ...

58. The Soviet bureaucracy attacked the Theory of Permanent Revolution and revived the Menshevik two-stage theory of revolution in countries with a belated capitalist development. In China in ...

After witnessing how communists imposed their radical ideology during China’s Cultural Revolution, never in my wildest dreams did I think I would ever see the same sort of indoctrination taking place ...

In “Red Dawn Over China,” the historian Frank Dikötter shows that Communism’s rise in China was an unlikely, violent event with a lot of outside help. By Gary J. Bass Gary J. Bass, the William P.